Arch of Hadrian
The Arch of Hadrian: A Gateway Between Two Eras
The Arch of Hadrian in Athens is a stunning monument that marks the transition between the ancient and Roman eras of the city. Situated near the Temple of Olympian Zeus, this triumphal arch was built in honor of the Roman Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century CE, celebrating his contributions to Athens and its development.
Historical Background
Erected in 131 CE, the arch was built to commemorate Hadrian’s extensive building projects in Athens, including the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. The structure symbolically divided the old city of Athens, associated with the legendary founder Theseus, from the new Roman city, developed under Hadrian’s influence. This distinction is emphasized by the inscriptions on the arch’s two sides: one facing the Acropolis reads, “This is Athens, the ancient city of Theseus,” while the other side, facing Hadrian’s new city, states, “This is the city of Hadrian and not of Theseus.”
Architectural Features
The Arch of Hadrian, constructed entirely of Pentelic marble, stands 18 meters (59 feet) high and 13 meters (43 feet) wide. Designed in a blend of classical Greek and Roman architectural styles, the arch features a large central passageway framed by Corinthian pilasters. Above this, an elegant second level consists of columns and a smaller arch, giving the monument a sense of grandeur and symmetry.
Symbolism and Legacy
More than just an architectural masterpiece, the arch represents the coexistence of Greek and Roman influences in Athens. Hadrian, a known admirer of Greek culture, sought to integrate Roman advancements while respecting the city’s historical roots. The inscriptions on the arch highlight this dual identity, underscoring Athens’ importance as a bridge between Greek heritage and Roman innovation.
The Arch in Modern Times
Despite centuries of environmental exposure and urban development, the Arch of Hadrian remains well-preserved and continues to be a significant landmark in Athens. It stands near the bustling center of the city, offering visitors a glimpse into the architectural grandeur and cultural evolution of ancient Athens. Today, the arch serves as a popular historical site, drawing tourists and historians alike who wish to explore the city’s rich past.
Conclusion
The Arch of Hadrian is more than just a monument; it is a symbol of Athens’ transformation under Roman rule and a testament to the city’s lasting significance in the ancient world. As one of the most recognizable landmarks in Athens, it continues to inspire admiration and appreciation for the historical blend of Greek and Roman civilizations.